Dentist s deill



UNITED sTATEs4 PATENT oEEIcE. y l -f KIRBY SPENCER, 0E ATHENS, GEORGIA.

DENTISTS DRILL.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 5,866, dated October 17, 1848.

To all whom t may concern.'

Beit known that I, KIRBY SPENCER, of the town of Athens, in the county of Clark and State of Georgia, have invented a new` and useful instrument to be used in the science of dentistry, for excavating or cutting or drilling teeth in various angles with their 'surfaces in lplaces hitherto considered inaccessible by the use of instruments ordinarily employed in dentistry, called Kirby Spencers dental motor for dental rose-drills, reamers, excavators, &c., which is described as follows, reference being had to the ani nexed drawings of the same, making part of tached to the chain and piston, .forming an` this specification.

Figure 1, is a plan ofthe instrument ar lfor sliding the box and pulley for tighten-- ing the band. Fig. 4, is a sectional view, showing the propelling rod, handle, piston, and a section of the propelling strap atendless belt for turning the pinion affixed to the hub containing the socket into which the shank of the excavator ior drill or other instrument is inserted. Figp, is a vertical -transverse section of the instrument drawn on the dot-ted line 3, 8, of Fig. 3, looking toward the point of the tube, showing the sliding box and adjustive screw for moving the pulley-box to tighten the band and chain.

Y Fig. 6, is a transverse section drawn on the dotted line 4, 4, of Fig. 4, looking toward the small end of the instrument, showing the piston with the grooves in its periphery for allowing it to move back and forth overv the guide rail on the inside of the cylinder or chamber to admit it to move over "the adjustive screw, and to pass over acog (or pin) on the inside of the chamber," showing also the propelling rod, head `and socket. Fig. 7 is a view of the end ofthe instrument, at the line e, z of Fig. 8, next the handle. Fig. 8, is a section showing the bent end of the propelling rod and the head aifixed thereto, which enters the socket in moved laterally, vertically, and obliquely, without moving the piston; and also longis tudinally when the piston is moved by it. Fig. 9, is a plan of the cap or cover removed from the tapered end of thetube, in order to have access to the pinion, chain, &c.

Similar letters in the several figures refer to corresponding parts.y

`The steel tube A for containing the ex-v cavators, drills, &c., and the propelling gear and serving as a stock or handle `by which the excavators, drills, &c.,y are held firmly to the place where the point of the tooth required to be excavated, and at the required angle with the surface or axis ofthe tooth,

without injuring the mouth ofthe patient; 1s made exteriorly of an octagonal, or other form, about two-thirds its length, andtathe piston, which allows the handle to be pered and iattened the remaining third, and

shaped convexedly at the small end, so as to be passed around behind the back teeth at any required angle, or vposition without .causing pain or inconvenlence to the patient.

It is bored cylindrically from the linea, z, c

'to the line m, as, for the insertion of the box B, and piston P, and to allow the latter to vplay back and forthV freely, and provide room yfor the strap, chain, lrod &c.the remainder ofthe boreor chamber being of a shape corresponding to that of the exterior Y lof the tube in which are placed lthe pinion C,

and hub D,iand chain E, and strap F, for

4propelling the excavators, drills, 8vo., said tapered ,end of the Vtube being reduced in sizev as much fas possible, consistently withV the required-.size of the chamber in which the chain and pinion are to operate so as to i produce the Vrequired motion. The section of the tube at A is made in a-separate piece forming a cap kor cover, and is held by screws so that it may be easily removed in order to give ready access to the inside (interior) of the tube for any purpose that may be necessary..V The pinion C is made .of steel or any suitable ymaterial and contains any vrequisite numberof leaves. or teeth.

vThe hub is made of steeloftheJ required diameter and is pierced in thevv center with an opening or socket to admit the end n .of

the'excavators, drills, Sac., for excavating thejteeth, which passes throughthe tubeand hub'or axlekof the.pini0n,`.being secured therein by a pin or other'means. The .in-

ner en'dD2 ofl this vhollow axle or hub (reduced in diameter) turns in a round recess or bearing 'in the interior of the small endu of the tube. The part D of the axle within the tube is larger than the part D1 of the axle which passes through the tube, forming a shoulder to press against the interior of surface of the tube, when the pinion is revolving. Any required excavating or cutting instrument may be inserted into said bore of the hub and secured in the same manner, by a pin or otherwise. The bore of the hub may be square, or of some other shape and the shanks of the variousexcava* tors or cutting instruments may be made of a corresponding shape:-This pinion is caused to turn as rapidly as is wished, first to the right and then'to the left, revolving the excavator or other cutter in the same manner for cutting the tooth, by means of an endless chain and band E, passed around the pinion C, a grooved wheel N, turning in the box B, near the opposite end of thev tube,-'the chain and band being moved by a reciprocating piston P, to which the chain and band is attached, and also, a propelling rod G projecting beyond the large end of the tube, and having a handle H affixed to it, by which it is moved longitudinally toward and from the dental motor, and 'latera-lly, in an opening I, in the end ofthe tube left for that purpose.

It is not necessary to have the whole length of the band in links, but only a section of it, where' it passes around the pinion as represented in the drawing atA E,

Figs. 2 and 3. The rest of the endless band may be made of leather, or some other suitable flexible material.f Its two extremities or ends are attached to the piston P in any convenient and suitableway. The links of the chain must be made to correspond with the teeth of the pinion. Y

The piston Pfor'giving the endless chain or band its required reciprocating move-` ment for propelling the'excavators, drills, &c., is composed of a cylindrical piece of metal, Figs. 3, 4, and 6, attached to .the end of the propelling rod G by means of an ova-l or other shaped head J, fastened to the end of the propelling rod Gr and inserted into a cylindrical recess or cavity K, in which it has room to play freely. The head J, is so shaped that. it can perform its oiice of moving the piston longi tudinally back and vforth without turning on its axis-'having a lateral and vertical movement being made convex on its anterior and posterior faces.

The piston P, Fig. 6,4has its periphery. marked P1, is for the-purpose of admitting the guide-rail A2 (Fig. 3,) formed on the inside of the tube A, 4over which the piston slidesback and forth during thepe'ration of the instrument, and thus .removing the liability of its turning in the tube or getting threev notches in The' rectangular`- notch,

against which the segment head M, (Fig.

7,) is forced by the tightening screw L.

The round hole seen at P4, Fig. 6, is for the purpose of admitting the ends of the chain or strap, fastened therein. The center aperture is for the insertion of the small end of the propelling rod Gry Fig 4).

The guide rail A2 Fig. 3, is reduced in size next the open end of the tube at A4, in order to admit of the insertion of a larger box for the pulley. This rail is still further reduced at the open end of the tube at A5, Fig. 7, so as to form a shoulder against which the segment head M is secured in the same manner thatl its opposite side is se- `cured against the small projection A3, on

the inside of the tube aforesaid, and to prevent said segment head from turning on its axis to the right or to the left, the rail A2, which enters the groove in the periphery of the head M, being fixed permanently to the inside of the tube A, and the convex surface of the head fitting the concave surface Vof the tube. Y

The Sliding box B, Fig. 5, mwhich the grooved pulley N is placed and held, `is

made the segment of a` circle, pierced withl `an oblong opening, in which is formed a female screw, into which is inserted the tightening screw L, that passes through and turns against the segment head M, Fig. 7.

`@The portion of the box where this screw passes, is made of less thickness than where the pulley is inserted so as to require less length of female screw.

The semicylindrical cavities for the axle of the wheel, are made in the face of the box, next the open end of the tube.` A notchv or groove, B1, is made in the circumference of rthe box to allow yit to slide back and forth over the guide rail A2, in moving it by the screw L, for tightening or loosening the chain and to preventit from turning in the cylindrical bore of the tube.

The notch B2 is to allow 1t to pass over .segment of a circle, the same diameter as the chamber, the portion of the bore below the chord of the segment-head being left open to allow room for the propelling rod G, Fig. 4, to play freely in every direction. This head abuts against the projection A3, Fig. 3, on the inside of the tube, and against the shoulder A5, formed next the outer end of the guide-rail. The head of the tightening screw L turns in a corresponding countersink in the outer face of the segment head M, Fig. 7. The screw turns in the female screw in the sliding box B, Fig. 3, when this screw is turned to the right, it causes the box to move toward the head, and causes the chain or band to become tight, and when turned to the left, it produces a contrary effect.

The propelling rod is bent in the manner represented in Fig. 4, for the purpose of bringing it into the segmental opening I, Fig. 7, at the end of the tube, so that it shall be free to move in dilerent directions.

The end A6 of the tube A, (Fig. 1,) should be reduced to the least possible size, so as to avoid filling the mouth of the person being operated on, and thereby preventing the due operation of the dental motor; for the smaller the point of the tube can be made consistently with the correct operation of the propelling gear within the same, in the same proportion, will the value of the instrument be enhanced. p

The handle may be made of agate, or any suitable material,' in the form represented in Fig. 4, or in any other form, and banded in the usual manner. An endlessbelt and pulleys may be substituted for the chain, and pinion to turn the excavators drills, 8vo.

I have thus described the general character of my invention and the manner of constructing and using the same.

I do not lay claim to be the inventor of i instruments, or drills for excavating or cuting teeth angularly by universal bevel gear, as I believe this has heretofore beenv attempted. Before pointing out what I claim I wish to be distinctly understood, that I do not limit myself to the precise form and construction of the various parts employed, nor to the precise arrangements described, as I consider the substitution of one mechanical equivalent for another for producing the same effect as lcoming within the limits of my invention, when the combinations and arrangements are substantially the same.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent isl. The combination' ofthe hollovsT tapered tube A, as a protecting case for the said gearing, substantially as described and represented.

2. I claim the combination of the endless chain or belt E, F, pulley N, pinion'. C, piston P, propelling rod G, segmentalbox B, and segmental head M with a hollow .tapered tube constructed in the manner above described, for revolvingthe excavators, or

rose drills, &c. as above described, for the purpose of excavating teeth angularly, ,as

herein set forth; but vI do not claim tightening the gearing by means of a screw.

3. I claim the guide-rail A2, A4 in combination with the tube A as described.

v In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name before two subscribing witnesses this 12th day of June A. D. 1848. KIRBY SPENCER.

Witnesses:

JAMES R. CARLTON, SAML. FROST. 

